Walking Exercise as an alternative choice in lowering blood pressure in hypertensive patients: Systematic Review
Keywords:
walking exercise, blood pressure and Hypertension
Abstract
Introduction: Hypertension is a condition, where someone has a blood pressure systole ≥ 140mmHg and a blood pressure diastole ≥ 90nmmHg. Hypertension is a health condition that affects 26% of people worldwide. The World Health Organization (WHO) in the "Global NCD Target Reduce Hight Blood Pressure" explained that an increase in blood pressure caused 9.4 million deaths and a major risk factor for global death . Uncontrolled hypertension results in various kinds of complications, even death in a person. Therefore, complex management of pharmacological and non-pharmacological therapies is needed to improve various organs. Walking exercise is one of the non-pharmacological methods in controlling blood pressure. The purpose of this study is to conduct a systematic review of walking exercise on hypertension patients' blood pressure. Methods: Search for articles through a database: Pro quest, Scopus, Science Direct, and EBSCO. Published between 2010 -2020. The method used in the article search is PICOT frame work. Result: There were 13 journals that were analyzed. The review results from 13 journals show that walking exercise effective in reducing blood pressure in hypertensive patients. Conclusion: Walking exercise that is done routinely can reduce blood pressure systole and diastole in hyperetnsi patients. Walking exercise can be included as one of the independent nursing interventions through health education to control blood pressure in hypertensive patients.
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References
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De Moura Reboredo, M., Henrique, D. M. N., De Souza Faria, R., Chaoubah, A., Bastos, M. G., & De Paula, R. B. (2010). Exercise training during hemodialysis reduces blood pressure and increases physical functioning and quality of life. Artificial Organs, 34(7), 586–593. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1525-1594.2009.00929.x
Dimeo, F., Pagonas, N., Seibert, F., Arndt, R., Zidek, W., & Westhoff, T. H. (2012). Aerobic exercise reduces blood pressure in resistant hypertension. Hypertension, 60(3), 653–658. https://doi.org/10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.112.197780
Farinatti, P., Monteiro, W. D., & Oliveira, R. B. (2016). Long Term Home-Based Exercise is Effective to Reduce Blood Pressure in Low Income Brazilian Hypertensive Patients: A Controlled Trial. High Blood Pressure and Cardiovascular Prevention, 23(4), 395–404. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40292-016-0169-9
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Othman, S. T., & Temur, H. B. (2018). Investigation of the effect of walking and running exercises on some blood parameters in adults. Universal Journal of Educational Research, 6(10), 2125–2132. https://doi.org/10.13189/ujer.2018.061009
Park, Y. H., Song, M., Cho, B. long, Lim, J. young, Song, W., & Kim, S. ho. (2011). The effects of an integrated health education and exercise program in community-dwelling older adults with hypertension: A randomized controlled trial. Patient Education and Counseling, 82(1), 133–137. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pec.2010.04.002
Patil, S. G., Patil, S. S., Aithala, M. R., & Das, K. K. (2017). Comparison of yoga and walking-exercise on cardiac time intervals as a measure of cardiac function in elderly with increased pulse pressure. Indian Heart Journal, 69(4), 485–490. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ihj.2017.02.006
Paula, T. P., Viana, L. V., Neto, A. T. Z., Leitão, C. B., Gross, J. L., & Azevedo, M. J. (2015). Effects of the DASH Diet and Walking on Blood Pressure in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes and Uncontrolled Hypertension: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Journal of Clinical Hypertension, 17(11), 895–901. https://doi.org/10.1111/jch.12597
Rivera-Brown, A. M., & Frontera, W. R. (2012). Principles of exercise physiology: Responses to acute exercise and long-term adaptations to training. PM and R, 4(11), 797–804. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pmrj.2012.10.007
Silva, G. P. da G., Marcio, J. M., & Romoro, F. (2015). The use of walking as a factor of reduction and maintenance of pressure levels of participants in the program “walking for health” in Araguaina. FIEP Bulletin - Online, 85(II), 1037–1043. https://doi.org/10.16887/85.a2.131
Sushma, T., Gehlot, S., Tiwari, S. K., & Singh, G. (2011). Effect of isotonic exercise (walking) on various physiological parameters in hypertension. Journal of Stress Physiology & Biochemistry, 7(3), 122–131.
WHO. (2016). Global Ncd Target Reduce High Blood Pressure. Roth, Gregory A. Johnson, Catherine Abajobir, Amanuel Abd-Allah, Foad Abera, Semaw Ferede Abyu, Gebre Ahmed, Muktar Beshir Aksut, Baran Alam, Tahiya Alam, Khurshid Alla, François Alvis-Guzman, Nelson Amrock, Stephen Ansari, Hossein Ärnlöv, Johan Asayesh, 31(4), 190–215. https://doi.org/.1037//0033-2909.I26.1.78
Williams, P. T., & Thompson, P. D. (2013). Walking versus running for hypertension, cholesterol, and diabetes mellitus risk reduction. Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology, 33(5), 1085–1091. https://doi.org/10.1161/ATVBAHA.112.300878
Zeigler, Z. S., Swan, P. D., Bhammar, D. M., & Gaesser, G. A. (2015). Walking Workstation Use Reduces Ambulatory Blood Pressure in Adults With Prehypertension. Journal of Physical Activity & Health, 12(Suppl 1), S119–S127. https://doi.org/10.1123/jpah.2013-0487
Zhu, Z., Feng, T., Huang, Y., Liu, X., Lei, H., Li, G., Deng, D., Zhang, N., & Huang, W. (2019). Excessive physical activity duration may be a risk factor for hypertension in young and middle-aged populations. Medicine (United States), 98(18), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1097/MD.0000000000015378
Cardoso, C. G., Gomides, R. S., Queiroz, A. C. C., Pinto, L. G., Lobo, F. da S., Tinucci, T., Mion, D., & Forjaz, C. L. de M. (2010). Acute and chronic effects of aerobic and resistance exercise on ambulatory blood pressure. Clinics, 65(3), 317–325. https://doi.org/10.1590/s1807-59322010000300013
Chua, J., Chin, C. W. L., Hong, J., Chee, M. L., Le, T. T., Ting, D. S. W., Wong, T. Y., & Schmetterer, L. (2019). Impact of hypertension on retinal capillary microvasculature using optical coherence tomographic angiography. Journal of Hypertension, 37(3), 572–580. https://doi.org/10.1097/HJH.0000000000001916
Cornelissen, V. A., & Smart, N. A. (2013). Exercise training for blood pressure: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of the American Heart Association, 2(1). https://doi.org/10.1161/JAHA.112.004473
De Moura Reboredo, M., Henrique, D. M. N., De Souza Faria, R., Chaoubah, A., Bastos, M. G., & De Paula, R. B. (2010). Exercise training during hemodialysis reduces blood pressure and increases physical functioning and quality of life. Artificial Organs, 34(7), 586–593. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1525-1594.2009.00929.x
Dimeo, F., Pagonas, N., Seibert, F., Arndt, R., Zidek, W., & Westhoff, T. H. (2012). Aerobic exercise reduces blood pressure in resistant hypertension. Hypertension, 60(3), 653–658. https://doi.org/10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.112.197780
Farinatti, P., Monteiro, W. D., & Oliveira, R. B. (2016). Long Term Home-Based Exercise is Effective to Reduce Blood Pressure in Low Income Brazilian Hypertensive Patients: A Controlled Trial. High Blood Pressure and Cardiovascular Prevention, 23(4), 395–404. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40292-016-0169-9
Haldar, R. N. (2013). Global Brief on Hypertension: Silent Killer, Global Public Health Crisis. Indian Journal of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 24(1), 2–2. https://doi.org/10.5005/ijopmr-24-1-2
He, L. I., Wei, W. ren, & Can, Z. (2018). Effects of 12-week brisk walking training on exercise blood pressure in elderly patients with essential hypertension: a pilot study. Clinical and Experimental Hypertension, 40(7), 673–679. https://doi.org/10.1080/10641963.2018.1425416
John Edward Hall, A. C. G. (2014). Buku Ajar Fisiologi Kedokteran. In Elsevier (Singapore) Pte Ltd (Vol. 12). https://doi.org/10.2340/16501977-2008
Mandini, S., Conconi, F., Mori, E., Myers, J., Grazzi, G., & Mazzoni, G. (2018). Walking and hypertension: Greater reductions in subjects with higher baseline systolic blood pressure following six months of guided walking. PeerJ, 2018(8), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.5471
Mirdha, D. M., & Dr. Mishra, A. K. (2015). Systolic Blood Pressure-study group. Effects of Walking and Relaxation Exercises on Controlling, 07(08). https://doi.org/0975-833X
Mushtaq, R., & Khan, Z. T. (2010). Reduction in hypertension and related lipid profile parameters after exercise in females. Pakistan Journal of Nutrition, 9(2), 151–157. https://doi.org/10.3923/pjn.2010.151.157
Ohta, Y., Kawano, Y., Minami, J., Iwashima, Y., Hayashi, S., Yoshihara, F., & Nakamura, S. (2015). Effects of daily walking on office, home and 24-h blood pressure in hypertensive patients. Clinical and Experimental Hypertension, 37(5), 433–437. https://doi.org/10.3109/10641963.2015.1013115
Othman, S. T., & Temur, H. B. (2018). Investigation of the effect of walking and running exercises on some blood parameters in adults. Universal Journal of Educational Research, 6(10), 2125–2132. https://doi.org/10.13189/ujer.2018.061009
Park, Y. H., Song, M., Cho, B. long, Lim, J. young, Song, W., & Kim, S. ho. (2011). The effects of an integrated health education and exercise program in community-dwelling older adults with hypertension: A randomized controlled trial. Patient Education and Counseling, 82(1), 133–137. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pec.2010.04.002
Patil, S. G., Patil, S. S., Aithala, M. R., & Das, K. K. (2017). Comparison of yoga and walking-exercise on cardiac time intervals as a measure of cardiac function in elderly with increased pulse pressure. Indian Heart Journal, 69(4), 485–490. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ihj.2017.02.006
Paula, T. P., Viana, L. V., Neto, A. T. Z., Leitão, C. B., Gross, J. L., & Azevedo, M. J. (2015). Effects of the DASH Diet and Walking on Blood Pressure in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes and Uncontrolled Hypertension: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Journal of Clinical Hypertension, 17(11), 895–901. https://doi.org/10.1111/jch.12597
Rivera-Brown, A. M., & Frontera, W. R. (2012). Principles of exercise physiology: Responses to acute exercise and long-term adaptations to training. PM and R, 4(11), 797–804. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pmrj.2012.10.007
Silva, G. P. da G., Marcio, J. M., & Romoro, F. (2015). The use of walking as a factor of reduction and maintenance of pressure levels of participants in the program “walking for health” in Araguaina. FIEP Bulletin - Online, 85(II), 1037–1043. https://doi.org/10.16887/85.a2.131
Sushma, T., Gehlot, S., Tiwari, S. K., & Singh, G. (2011). Effect of isotonic exercise (walking) on various physiological parameters in hypertension. Journal of Stress Physiology & Biochemistry, 7(3), 122–131.
WHO. (2016). Global Ncd Target Reduce High Blood Pressure. Roth, Gregory A. Johnson, Catherine Abajobir, Amanuel Abd-Allah, Foad Abera, Semaw Ferede Abyu, Gebre Ahmed, Muktar Beshir Aksut, Baran Alam, Tahiya Alam, Khurshid Alla, François Alvis-Guzman, Nelson Amrock, Stephen Ansari, Hossein Ärnlöv, Johan Asayesh, 31(4), 190–215. https://doi.org/.1037//0033-2909.I26.1.78
Williams, P. T., & Thompson, P. D. (2013). Walking versus running for hypertension, cholesterol, and diabetes mellitus risk reduction. Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology, 33(5), 1085–1091. https://doi.org/10.1161/ATVBAHA.112.300878
Zeigler, Z. S., Swan, P. D., Bhammar, D. M., & Gaesser, G. A. (2015). Walking Workstation Use Reduces Ambulatory Blood Pressure in Adults With Prehypertension. Journal of Physical Activity & Health, 12(Suppl 1), S119–S127. https://doi.org/10.1123/jpah.2013-0487
Zhu, Z., Feng, T., Huang, Y., Liu, X., Lei, H., Li, G., Deng, D., Zhang, N., & Huang, W. (2019). Excessive physical activity duration may be a risk factor for hypertension in young and middle-aged populations. Medicine (United States), 98(18), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1097/MD.0000000000015378
Published
2020-12-18
How to Cite
Ningsih, A. (2020). Walking Exercise as an alternative choice in lowering blood pressure in hypertensive patients: Systematic Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NURSING AND MIDWIFERY SCIENCE (IJNMS), 4(3), 260-276. https://doi.org/10.29082/IJNMS/2020/Vol4/Iss3/294
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